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供水系統(tǒng)中，通過(guò)什么途徑能達(dá)到節(jié)能目的呢?我們知道，通常供水系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中，隨著用水量的變化，相應(yīng)有供水量的變化，從流量Q1減少到Q2，我們只需采用變頻調(diào)速器改變交流電的頻率，電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速就按比例變動(dòng)，電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速n與電源頻率f的關(guān)系如下式所示：
廈門(mén)岳航計(jì)算機(jī)工程有限公司
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n=60×f×(1-S)/P
式中：P-極對(duì)數(shù);S-轉(zhuǎn)差數(shù)。
從n1變?yōu)閚2，流量由Q1減少到Q2時(shí)，管網(wǎng)阻力特性曲線(xiàn)R1維持不變，水泵由工況點(diǎn)K1變到新的工況點(diǎn)K3點(diǎn)，揚(yáng)程H1大幅度下降H3，矩形H1-K1-Q1-O面積減少為矩形H3-K3-Q3-O的面積，兩個(gè)矩形面積相差許多，節(jié)省的功率損耗N與面積H3-K3-Q3-O成正比，水泵軸功率與其轉(zhuǎn)速的三次方成正比，即P2=P1(n1/n2)3，水泵功率N顯著下降。ACS600變頻器DTC提供的轉(zhuǎn)矩控制，當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速下降時(shí)，DTC控制電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩平穩(wěn)的降低，電流明顯降低，其功耗大幅度減少。所以，在供水系統(tǒng)中采用變頻調(diào)速，可以在流量變化運(yùn)行時(shí)，節(jié)約電能，多年來(lái)的運(yùn)行，我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在流量變化較大時(shí)，其節(jié)能效果十分可觀。從水泵的特性曲線(xiàn)可以得知，改變水泵轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)n可以有效的改變水泵的功耗。有一種液力偶合調(diào)速器也可以有效的調(diào)節(jié)水泵的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)，其過(guò)程控制原理為液力偶合調(diào)速器通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)偶合介質(zhì)來(lái)改變輸出速度，當(dāng)水泵由n1轉(zhuǎn)為n2得知水泵的功耗大幅降低，但電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)n1并沒(méi)有變，電機(jī)同樣是在額定功率運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)恒壓供水，但節(jié)能效果并沒(méi)有明顯體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
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